{
  "$schema": "https://lunarasociety.com/corpus/obligations.schema.json",
  "corpus": "lunara-regulatory-obligations",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "authority": "https://lunarasociety.com",
  "generated_from": "lunara-clock.js",
  "evidence_standard": "https://lunarasociety.com/evidence.html",
  "corrections": "https://lunarasociety.com/evidence.html#corrections",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "contact": "rosario@lunarasociety.com",
  "reading_notes": [
    "applies_from is the legal application date at UTC midnight. It is not a deadline for filing anything; it is the date the obligation begins to bind.",
    "No tense is stored. Whether an obligation is in force depends on when you are reading, so compute it against applies_from rather than caching a status.",
    "amended_by, where present, is the instrument that moved the date. Reading the founding regulation alone has already produced one published correction on this site.",
    "Every entry cites the article that sets the date. If you cannot reach our conclusion from the linked source, treat that as a defect and tell us.",
    "Absence from this corpus is not a statement that nothing applies. It is a short table that is right rather than a long one that is mostly right."
  ],
  "count": 10,
  "obligations": [
    {
      "id": "eu-prohibitions",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "Prohibited AI practices and AI literacy",
      "applies_from": "2025-02-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689",
      "article": "Art. 113, third para, point (a) as amended — Chapters I and II, except Art. 5(1)(ba), (bb), 5(1a) and (1b)",
      "summary": "Unacceptable-risk systems banned outright. Staff operating AI must be demonstrably competent to do so. Two further prohibitions were added later and do not run from this date — see eu-prohibitions-synthetic, which applies from 2 December 2026.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": null,
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 2,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-prohibitions-synthetic",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "Prohibition on non-consensual intimate and child sexual abuse material",
      "applies_from": "2026-12-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act 2024/1689, as amended by the Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744",
      "article": "Art. 5(1)(ba) and (bb), Art. 5(1a) and (1b), inserted by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 Art. 1(7); date set by Art. 113, third para, point (a) as amended",
      "summary": "Placing on the market, putting into service or using an AI system that generates or manipulates intimate imagery of an identifiable person without their explicit consent, or child sexual abuse material, is prohibited outright. A general-purpose generator is caught where such output is a reasonably foreseeable and reproducible outcome without significant modification and adequate safeguards are absent; a deployer is caught where they use the system for that purpose.",
      "penalty": "Up to EUR 35,000,000 or 7% of worldwide annual turnover — Art. 99(3), the prohibited-practice tier",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 3,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-gpai",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "General-purpose AI obligations and penalties",
      "applies_from": "2025-08-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689",
      "article": "Art. 113(b) — Chapters V, VII, XII",
      "summary": "Model documentation, training-data summaries and copyright policy. The penalty regime becomes enforceable.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": null,
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 2,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-art50",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "Article 50 transparency obligations",
      "applies_from": "2026-08-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689",
      "article": "Art. 113 — general application",
      "summary": "AI systems must disclose that they are AI. Synthetic content must be marked machine-readable.",
      "penalty": "Up to EUR 15,000,000 or 3% of worldwide annual turnover",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": null,
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 3,
      "primary": true
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-annex3",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "High-risk obligations, Annex III",
      "applies_from": "2027-12-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act 2024/1689, as amended by the Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744",
      "article": "Art. 113, as amended — deferred from 2 August 2026",
      "summary": "Risk management, data governance, logging, human oversight and conformity assessment for listed high-risk uses. Deferred, not cancelled.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 3,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-sb942",
      "jurisdiction": "California",
      "name": "AI Transparency Act",
      "applies_from": "2026-08-02",
      "instrument": "California SB 942, as amended by AB 853",
      "article": "Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757",
      "summary": "Generative systems with over one million monthly users must embed latent disclosure in what they generate, offer a manifest disclosure, and publish a free detection tool.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942",
      "amended_by": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB853",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-21",
      "significance": 2,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-platforms",
      "jurisdiction": "California",
      "name": "Hosting platforms and large online platforms",
      "applies_from": "2027-01-01",
      "instrument": "California SB 942, as amended by AB 853",
      "article": "Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757, second wave",
      "summary": "Platforms hosting generative systems, and large online platforms distributing their output, take on their own disclosure and provenance duties.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942",
      "amended_by": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB853",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-21",
      "significance": 2,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-art50-legacy",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "Article 50(2) marking for systems already on the market",
      "applies_from": "2026-12-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act 2024/1689, as amended by the Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744",
      "article": "Art. 111(4), inserted by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 Art. 1(39)(b) — four-month transitional period for Art. 50(2)",
      "summary": "Generative systems placed on the market before 2 August 2026 were given four months of relief from the machine-readable marking duty. That relief expires and marking becomes mandatory. Systems placed on the market on or after 2 August 2026 never had it.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 3,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-annex1",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "High-risk obligations, Annex I products",
      "applies_from": "2028-08-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act 2024/1689, as amended by the Digital Omnibus on AI, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744",
      "article": "Art. 6(1), as amended — deferred from 2 August 2027",
      "summary": "AI acting as a safety component of a regulated product falls under the full high-risk regime.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng",
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 3,
      "primary": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eu-legacy-gpai",
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "name": "Legacy general-purpose models",
      "applies_from": "2027-08-02",
      "instrument": "EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689",
      "article": "Art. 111(3)",
      "summary": "Models already on the market before August 2025 lose their grace period and must comply in full.",
      "penalty": null,
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
      "amended_by": null,
      "classification": "verified",
      "verified": "2026-08-24",
      "significance": 2,
      "primary": false
    }
  ]
}